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loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1068\" src=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"463\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d1.png 463w, http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d1-261x300.png 261w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe1 \u6c5f\u6237\u5e55\u5e9c\u8d27\u5e01\u5236\u5ea6<sup>[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong><sup>\u00a0<\/sup>4.\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5e55\u5e9c\u8d27\u5e01\u6539\u94f8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u91d1\u5c5e\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u4f7f\u5f97\u91d1\u3001\u94f6\u3001\u94dc\u7b49\u91d1\u5c5e\u5165\u4e0d\u6577\u51fa\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5e55\u5e9c\u5728\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684200\u591a\u5e74\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e0b11\u6b21\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u6539\u94f8\uff0c\u5728\u7ef4\u6301\u7edf\u4e00\u8d27\u5e01\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u94f8\u5e01\u5229\u76ca<sup>[6]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5e55\u5e9c\u4e8e\u5143\u7984\u516b\u5e74\u5b9e\u884c\u8d27\u5e01\u6539\u9769\u53f2\u79f0\u5143\u7984\u6539\u94f8<sup>[7]<\/sup>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u6d41\u901a\u8d27\u5e01\u4e2d\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6269\u5927\u94b1\u5e01\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u94f8\u5e01\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5e55\u5e9c\u5b9e\u884c\u8d27\u5e01\u6539\u9769\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u77ed\u7f3a\u4e0e\u5e55\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u652f\u56f0\u96be\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e8b\u4e0e\u613f\u8fdd\uff0c\u6539\u94f8\u540e\u7531\u4e8e\u767e\u59d3\u5c06\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0a\u4e58\u7684\u65e7\u5e01\u85cf\u4e8e\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e55\u5e9c\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u6536\u65e7\u5e01\uff0c\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5143\u7984\u6539\u94f8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u52a3\u5e01\u9a71\u826f\u5e01\uff0c\u7269\u4ef7\u98d9\u5347\u3001\u9020\u5047\u76db\u884c\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7a33\u5b9a\u7269\u4ef7\u3001\u7a33\u56fa\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u65b0\u4e95\u767d\u77f3\u63d0\u51fa\u6539\u94f8\u826f\u5e01\u3001\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u8bba\u7b49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5e55\u5e9c\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u8d27\u5e01\u6539\u94f8\u3002\u56e0\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6b63\u5fb7\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u5143\u7984\u6539\u94f8\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6062\u590d\u5e86\u957f\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u5e01\u5236\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u6b63\u5fb7\u590d\u53e4\u6539\u94f8<sup>[8]<\/sup>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6b64\u6b21\u6539\u94f8\u867d\u7136\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e86\u7269\u4ef7\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u5e55\u5e9c\u7684\u4fe1\u8a89\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7269\u4ef7\u4e0b\u8dcc\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5e95\u5c42\u6b66\u58eb\u66b4\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u524d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9057\u7559\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e55\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u8d27\u5e01\u6539\u94f8\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u76f8\u7ee7\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5143\u6587\u6539\u94f8<sup>[9<\/sup><sup>&#8211;<\/sup><sup>10]<\/sup>\u3001\u6587\u653f\u6539\u94f8\u3001\u5929\u4fdd\u6539\u94f8\u4e0e\u5b89\u653f\u6539\u94f8\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u6df7\u4e71\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u81ea1858\u5e74\u201c\u5e55\u672b\u5f00\u56fd\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u7f8e\u5217\u5f3a\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u4f7f\u5f97\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5e01\u5236\u4e0e\u5fb7\u5ddd\u653f\u6743\u4e00\u6837\u6447\u6447\u6b32\u5760<sup>[11-<\/sup><sup>12]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">\u53e4\u94b1\u7684\u94f8\u9020\u5de5\u827a<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u8303\u94f8\u6cd5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u7528\u578b\u7802\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u4ef6\u5916\u5f62\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6db2\u6001\u91d1\u5c5e\u6d47\u5165\u7802\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u94f8\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7802\u578b\u94f8\u9020\u3002\u7802\u578b\u9020\u94b1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u76db\u884c\u4e0e\u968b\u5510\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\u66fe\u91c7\u7528\u8fc7\u77f3\u8303\u3001\u9676\u8303\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u8303\u7b49\u5916\u5f62\u3002\u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7528\u9676\u8303\u548c\u77f3\u8303\u7684\u94f8\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u79f0\u4e3a\u9676\u74f7\u578b\u94f8\u9020\uff0c\u5c06\u7528\u91d1\u5c5e\u8303\u94f8\u9020\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u91d1\u5c5e\u578b\u94f8\u9020\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u94b1\u5e01\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6027\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u79f0\u4e3a\u8303\u94f8\u6cd5<sup>[13]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1069\" src=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"631\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d2.png 631w, http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d2-300x168.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 631px) 100vw, 631px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe2 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loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1070\" src=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"607\" height=\"702\" srcset=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d3.png 607w, http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d3-259x300.png 259w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe3 \u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u795e\u529f\u5f00\u5b9d\u94b1\u7684\u94f8\u9020\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ca\u590d\u539f\u56fe<sup>[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>\u7ffb\u7802\u6cd5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u7ffb\u7802\u6cd5\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\u662f\u5229\u7528\u6bcd\u94b1\u7ffb\u94f8\u5b50\u94b1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u5510\u4ee3\u65f6\u666e\u904d\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u5229\u7528\u94b1\u6a21\u5728\u7802\u571f\u4e2d\u9020\u578b\u5e76\u6d47\u6ce8\u6210\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u7528\u5de5\u827a\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7802\u578b\u94f8\u9020\u522b\u65e0\u5dee\u5f02<sup>[15]<\/sup>\u3002\u8303\u94f8\u6cd5\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0e\u7ffb\u7802\u6cd5\u522b\u65e0\u5927\u5f02\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u94f8\u9020\u91cf\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u94f8\u9020\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u957f\u7684\u5bbd\u6c38\u901a\u5b9d\u4fbf\u662f\u7528\u7ffb\u7802\u6cd5\u94f8\u9020\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7802\u578b\u94f8\u9020\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u5bbd\u6c38\u901a\u5b9d\u7684\u94f8\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u3002<\/p>\n<hr 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#33cccc;\">\u7802\u578b\u94f8\u9020<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7802\u578b\u94f8\u9020\u662f\u5c06\u6db2\u6001\u91d1\u5c5e\u6d47\u5165\u7802\u578b\u7684\u94f8\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u3001\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u94f8\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5<sup>[13]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u578b\u7802\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u578b\u7802\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u77f3\u82f1\u7802\u3001\u9ecf\u571f\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7c98\u6027\u6750\u6599\uff08\u5982\u6c34\u73bb\u7483\u7802\u3001\u6811\u8102\u7802\u7b49\uff09\u548c\u6c34\u6309\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6df7\u5408\u5236\u9020\u800c\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5236\u9020\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8fbe\u6807\u7684\u94dc\u94b1\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u578b\u7802\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u900f\u6c14\u6027\u3001\u8010\u706b\u6027\u548c\u9000\u8ba9\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5305\u62ec\u5e72\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u6e7f\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7b49\u7279\u6027\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4f7f\u9020\u578b\u575a\u56fa\u4e0d\u53d7\u94f8\u6db2\u6d41\u52a8\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u94f8\u9020\u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fc7\u70ed\u5bfc\u81f4\u7802\u578b\u5f00\u88c2\u3001\u6d47\u6ce8\u540e\u5f00\u7bb1\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u578b\u7802\u9644\u7740\u5728\u94f8\u4ef6\u4e0a\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u578b\u7802\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5747\u5300\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u542b\u6c34\u91cf\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u578b\u7802\u7684\u900f\u6c14\u6027\u5219\u662f\u6307\u7d27\u5b9e\u7802\u578b\u7684\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u578b\u7802\u4e00\u5473\u538b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u94f8\u578b\u900f\u6c14\u6027\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u6613\u5728\u94f8\u4ef6\u5185\u5f62\u6210\u6c14\u5b54\u7b49\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u94f8\u578b\u4f1a\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u91d1\u5c5e\u6db2\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u94f8\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6392\u6c14\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u7802\u6837\u7684\u900f\u6c14\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u578b\u7802\u7684\u900f\u6c14\u6027\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u539f\u7802\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u5ea6\u3001\u542b\u6c34\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u578b\u7802\u7684\u7d27\u5b9e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u578b\u7802\u7684\u8010\u706b\u6027\u5219\u662f\u6307\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0b\u4e0d\u88ab\u70e7\u7126\u7194\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8010\u706b\u6027\u5dee\u7684\u578b\u7802\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u94f8\u4ef6\u8868\u9762\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u5c42\u96be\u4ee5\u6e05\u9664\u7684\u7c98\u7802\u5c42\uff0c\u5bf9\u540e\u7eed\u6e05\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u96be\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u578b\u7802\u4e2dSiO<sub>2<\/sub>\u542b\u91cf\u9ad8\u3001\u7802\u8d28\u7c97\u800c\u5706\u6da6\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8010\u706b\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff1b\u578b\u7802\u4e2d\u7c98\u7ed3\u5242\u542b\u91cf\u9ad8\u3001\u78b1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u542b\u91cf\u9ad8\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8010\u706b\u6027\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9000\u8ba9\u6027\u5219\u662f\u6307\u578b\u7802\u4e0d\u963b\u788d\u94f8\u4ef6\u6536\u7f29\u7684\u9ad8\u6e29\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u6bcd\u94b1\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5747\u6bd4\u540c\u7248\u5b50\u94b1\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8981\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u91d1\u5c5e\u5728\u94f8\u9020\u6210\u578b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7531\u4e8e\u56fa\u4f53\u65f6\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u8ddd\u4e0e\u6db2\u6001\u65f6\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u8ddd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u5bfc\u81f4\u94f8\u4ef6\u6536\u7f29\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e8e\u51b0\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u6db2\u6001\u91d1\u5c5e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4\u56fa\u4f53\u91d1\u5c5e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c0f\u3002\uff09\u578b\u7802\u7684\u9000\u8ba9\u6027\u5dee\u5219\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u94f8\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u88c2\u3002\u578b\u7802\u8d8a\u7d27\u5b9e\u5219\u9000\u8ba9\u6027\u8d8a\u5dee\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u578b\u7802\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u6728\u5c51\u7b49\u53ef\u71c3\u7269\u63d0\u9ad8\u578b\u7802\u7684\u9000\u8ba9\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u7802\u578b\u94f8\u9020\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u94f8\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u6c14\u5b54\u3001\u7f29\u5b54\u7f29\u677e\u3001\u7802\u773c\u3001\u5939\u7802\u3001\u7c98\u7802\u3001\u88c2\u7eb9\u3001\u51b7\u9694\u548c\u6d47\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u578b\u7802\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7f3a\u9677\u5219\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u9020\u578b\u6216\u8005\u6d47\u6ce8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6765\u907f\u514d\u3002\u7531\u4e0a\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6d77\u7802\u94f8\u5e01\u4f1a\u4f7f\u94b1\u5e01\u7684\u8868\u9762\u7c97\u7cd9\u7a0b\u5ea6\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u7eed\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u6545\u94f8\u5e01\u4e0d\u9002\u5b9c\u91c7\u7528\u6d77\u7802\u3002<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>\u6d47\u6ce8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728\u94f8\u578b\u4e2d\u5f15\u5bfc\u6db2\u4f53\u91d1\u5c5e\u8fdb\u5165\u578b\u8154\u7684\u901a\u9053\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d47\u6ce8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u91d1\u5c5e\u6db2\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u538b\u529b\u4f20\u9012\u3001\u586b\u5145\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u586b\u5145\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6392\u6c14\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u578b\u6e29\u5206\u5e03\u7b49\u90fd\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u8c03\u8282\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u94f8\u4ef6\u8868\u9762\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6d47\u6ce8\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5916\u6d47\u53e3\u3001\u76f4\u6d47\u9053\u3001\u6a2a\u6d47\u9053\u548c\u5185\u6d47\u9053\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u89c1\u56fe4\u6240\u793a\u3002\u6d47\u6ce8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a1.\u4f7f\u6db2\u6001\u91d1\u5c5e\u5e73\u7a33\u5f15\u5165\u5230\u578b\u8154\u4e2d\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7834\u574f\u94f8\u578b\u548c\u578b\u82af\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u51b2\u51fb\u3001\u4e0d\u6fc0\u6e85\u3001\u4e0d\u6c27\u5316\u3001\u4e0d\u5377\u6c14\uff1b2.\u6709\u6548\u53bb\u9664\u91d1\u5c5e\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u5939\u6742\u548c\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u7089\u6e23\u8fdb\u5165\u578b\u8154\uff1b3.\u8c03\u8282\u94f8\u4ef6\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u51dd\u56fa\uff1b4.\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8f6e\u5ed3\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u94f8\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1071\" src=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"458\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d4.png 458w, http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d4-300x201.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe4 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start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>\u6d47\u6ce8\u51c6\u5907<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u94b1\u5e01\u7684\u6d47\u6ce8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u9020\u7bb1\u2192\u653e\u7f6e\u94b1\u5e01\u2192\u7b5b\u7802\u2192\u9020\u4e0b\u7802\u578b\u2192\u6492\u5206\u578b\u6c99\u2192\u9020\u4e0a\u7802\u578b\u2192\u5f00\u5916\u6d47\u53e3\u3001\u624e\u901a\u6c14\u5b54\u2192\u8d77\u51fa\u6a21\u6837\u2192\u5408\u578b\u2192\u6d47\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5236\u9020\u94f8\u578b\u4e4b\u524d\u9700\u8981\u628a\u7802\u7bb1\u3001\u6bcd\u94b1\u3001\u578b\u7802\u3001\u5206\u578b\u6c99\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e38\u7528\u624b\u5de5\u9020\u578b\u5de5\u5177\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5bbd\u6c38\u901a\u5b9d\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u7a7a\u5fc3\u5706\u67f1\u5de5\u4ef6\u3001\u65e0\u5206\u578b\u9762\uff0c\u6545\u94f8\u4ef6\u7684\u578b\u8154\u5728\u4e0b\u7bb1\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e24\u7bb1\u5f0f\u6574\u6a21\u9020\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1073\" src=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"825\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d6.png 825w, http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d6-300x132.png 300w, http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d6-768x338.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 825px) 100vw, 825px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe6 \u5e38\u7528\u624b\u5de5\u9020\u578b\u5de5\u5177<sup>[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1074\" src=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"673\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d7.png 673w, http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d7-293x300.png 293w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 673px) 100vw, 673px\" \/><br \/>\n\u56fe7 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loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1075\" src=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"815\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d8.png 815w, http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d8-300x169.png 300w, http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d8-768x433.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 815px) 100vw, 815px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe8 \u6574\u6a21\u94f8\u9020<sup>[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>4.<strong>\u6d47\u6ce8\u540e\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1076\" src=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d9.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"513\" height=\"636\" srcset=\"http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d9.png 513w, http:\/\/gukuan.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u624d9-242x300.png 242w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 513px) 100vw, 513px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe9 \u91c7\u7528\u7acb\u94f8\u6cd5\u6240\u5f97\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u94b1\u6811<sup>[16]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u94f8\u9020\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u94f8\u4ef6\u94b1\u6811\u5982\u56fe9\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9876\u7aef\u7684\u94f8\u5e01\u5219\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u91c7\u7528\u7acb\u94f8\u6cd5\u51b2\u574f\u578b\u8154\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u4ece\u94dc\u5230\u94b1\u5e01\uff0c\u94f8\u9020\u53ea\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u7ecf\u8fc7\u82e5\u5e72\u6b65\u9aa4\u4f7f\u4e4b\u53d8\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u94dc\u94b1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5c06\u94dc\u94b1\u4e8e\u94b1\u6811\u4e2d\u53d6\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5185\u6d47\u9053\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u6b64\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\uff0c\u592a\u7a84\u94f8\u6db2\u6d41\u4e0d\u8fdb\u578b\u8154\u592a\u5bbd\u5219\u53d6\u94b1\u66f4\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e14\u6d6a\u8d39\u6d47\u6ce8\u539f\u6599\u3002\u5c06\u94b1\u5e01\u53d6\u4e0b\u6765\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u6839\u68d2\u5b50\u50cf\u4e32\u7cd6\u846b\u82a6\u4e00\u6837\u5c06\u94b1\u4e32\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5254\u9664\u6d47\u9053\u90e8\u5206\u94dc\u5757\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5c06\u94b1\u653e\u5165\u5230\u9cb8\u9c7c\u6cb9\u4e0e\u58a8\u6c34\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u67d3\u8272\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u5bbd\u6c38\u901a\u5b9d\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u4e0e\u5730\u7ae0\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u80fd\u770b\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u67d3\u8272\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7c97\u78e8\u4e0e\u7cbe\u78e8\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u6253\u78e8\u94b1\u5e01\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u94b1\u5e01\u4ea4\u7ed9\u94f8\u9020\u957f\u5b98\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5373\u53ef\u6d41\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u8303\u94f8\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7ffb\u7802\u6cd5\u6240\u94f8\u578b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7802\u8d28\u7684\u6e7f\u7802\uff0c\u578b\u7802\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u5229\u7528\u3002\u800c\u65e0\u8bba\u9676\u8303\u8fd8\u662f\u6ce5\u8303\u4ea6\u6216\u662f\u91d1\u5c5e\u8303\u90fd\u662f\u5e72\u578b\uff0c\u9020\u578b\u6750\u6599\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u590d\u5229\u7528\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ffb\u7802\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b80\u4fbf\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u9ad8\u3001\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u5ec9\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u53d6\u4ee3\u5176\u4ed6\u94f8\u94b1\u5de5\u827a\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u81ea\u5b8b\u4ee3\u8d77\u6210\u4e3a\u94b1\u5e01\u94f8\u9020\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6210\u5f62\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u6c5f\u6237\u5e55\u5e9c\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u94f8\u9020\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>[1]\u5415\u6d77\u8def,\u9ad8\u79d1\u5195.\u56fd\u5185\u6240\u89c1\u5bbd\u6c38\u901a\u5b9d\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u94b1\u5e01,2022,(03):65-71.<\/li>\n<li>[2]\u9b4f\u548f\u67cf.\u5bbd\u6c38\u901a\u5b9d\u94b1[J].\u6536\u85cf,2018,(06):105.<\/li>\n<li>[3]\u5434\u6811\u5b9e.\u6d45\u8c08\u6c5f\u6237\u5e55\u5e9c\u672b\u671f\u4e24\u79cd\u8bd5\u94f8\u5e01\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5e86\u5e94\u901a\u5b9d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u94dc\u5c71\u81f3\u5b9d\u201d[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u94b1\u5e01,2008,(03):67-71+81.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>[4]\u9648\u5ba3\u672c.\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u679a\u201c\u5bbd\u6c38\u901a\u5b9d\u201d\u94b1[J].\u897f\u5b89\u91d1\u878d,2003,(03):62.<\/li>\n<li>[5]\u65e5\u672c\u8d27\u5e01\u5546\u534f\u540c\u7ec4\u5408.\u65e5\u672c\u8d27\u5e01\u56fe\u5f55-2023[M].XXXX,2023,(01).<\/li>\n<li>[6]\u5b59\u5ef6\u68ee.\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5e55\u5e9c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u5c55\u7814\u7a76[J].\u8d22\u5bcc\u65f6\u4ee3,2020(12):114-115.<\/li>\n<li>[7]\u77f3\u4fca\u5fd7.\u5916\u56fd\u8d27\u5e01\u53f2\u6f2b\u8c08\u4e4b\u5341\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5e55\u5e9c\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u6539\u9769\u2014\u2014\u5143\u7984\u6539\u94f8[J]. \u91d1\u878d\u535a\u89c8,2021(09):46-47.<\/li>\n<li>[8]\u5468\u7231\u840d.\u65b0\u4e95\u767d\u77f3\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u8bba\u4e0e\u6b63\u5fb7\u8d27\u5e01\u6539\u94f8[J].\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2,2007,(05):61-68.<\/li>\n<li>[9]\u5468\u7231\u840d.\u65e5\u672c\u5fb7\u5ddd\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e09\u8d27\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u6d41\u901a[J].\u53f2\u5b66\u6708\u520a,2009,(10):69-75.<\/li>\n<li>[10]\u5468\u7231\u840d.\u65e5\u672c\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5409\u5b97\u7684\u5143\u6587\u8d27\u5e01\u6539\u94f8[C].\u897f\u90e8\u91d1\u878d\u94b1\u5e01\u7814\u7a76\u2014\u20142008\u9655\u897f\u7701\u94b1\u5e01\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bba\u6587\u6c47\u7f16,2008:162-169.<\/li>\n<li>[11]\u7aef\u6728\u8fc5\u8fdc.\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5e55\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u5d29\u6e83\u7814\u7a76[J].\u6d59\u6c5f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66,2019(02):141-148+154.<\/li>\n<li>[12]\u5468\u7231\u840d.\u65e5\u672c\u5e55\u5e9c\u672b\u671f\u8d27\u5e01\u6539\u94f8\u539f\u56e0\u520d\u8bae[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u94b1\u5e01,2004,(02):60-64.<\/li>\n<li>[13]\u4f55\u67cf\u6797,\u5f90\u5148\u950b.\u6750\u6599\u6210\u578b\u5de5\u827a\u57fa\u7840[M].\u5317\u4eac:\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e,2010.<\/li>\n<li>[14]\u5f90\u96c1\u5b87.\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u65e5\u672c\u65e9\u671f\u94b1\u5e01\u53ca\u94f8\u8303[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u94b1\u5e01,2016,(03):48-51.<\/li>\n<li>[15]\u534e\u89c9\u660e,\u6731\u5bc5\u534e.\u6bcd\u94b1\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u9020\u578b\u5de5\u827a\u6a21\u62df[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u6280\u53f2\u6599,1999,(03):77-84.<\/li>\n<li>[16]\u674e\u6cab,\u5f20\u6615\u715c,\u6210\u5c0f\u6797,\u5434\u5a1c.\u660e\u4ee3\u9ec4\u94dc\u94b1\u5e01\u7684\u7ffb\u7802\u94f8\u9020\u6a21\u62df\u7814\u7a76[C].\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6587\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u4fee\u590d\u8bba\u6587\u96c6,2019:192-201.<\/li>\n<li>[17](\u660e)\u5b8b\u5e94\u661f.\u56fe\u89e3\u5929\u5de5\u5f00\u7269\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5de5\u827a\u5927\u5168[M].\u6d77\u53e3:\u5357\u6d77\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr 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